哈萨克族 考姆兹

考姆兹

拨奏弦鸣乐器。也译作“库木孜”、“考木兹”、“库布兹”等。流行于新疆克孜勒劳柯尔克孜自治州的阿图什、阿合奇、乌恰、阿克陶和伊犁哈萨克自治州特克斯等地。

流行于天山地区的考姆兹有六种定弦，均以中弦为高音弦，音高不变。内/外两弦随乐曲需要而定，与中弦多为四/五度关系。流行于帕米儿山区的考姆兹有七种定弦，均以外弦为高音弦。中/内两弦随乐曲调式不同而定弦，与外弦关系除四/五度外，还有二度关系。音域达两个八度以上。演奏手法丰富，主要用于歌舞伴奏，也可独奏或自弹自唱。

Komuz: Lute of the Kirghiz and Hazakh Peoples

Plucked chordaphone, the instrument has another name kobuz. It spreads in some Kirghiz and Kazakh groups of Xinjiang region. The type in the areas of Tianshan Mountains has six tunings, all with the middle string as the highest in pitch, which is invariable in any of the six. The other two strings should be tuned to meet the needs of specific music, mostly a fourth or fifth apart from the middle. The Pamir type has seven tunings, all with the outer string as the highest in pitch. The other two should be tuned according to the modes the music takes, usually a second, other than a fourth or fifth, apart from the outer string. Its range can reach over two octaves. Rich in playing techniques the instrument is mainly for accompaniment, to others or to self, as well as for solo.

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