曾侯乙编钟 ZENG HOU YI BIAN ZHONG: COLLECTED BELLS FROM THE TOMB OF YI, MARQUIS ZENG

 曾侯乙编钟

1978年，从湖北随县擂鼓墩一号墓出土的曾侯乙编钟是迄今所见规模最大的编钟，全套编钟由64件钟和1件镈（为楚王所赠）组成，总重量达2,500多公斤。分三层悬挂，上层都挂钮钟；中、下层都挂甬钟。每个钟都能发双音，即敲击其“正鼓部”或“侧鼓部”能发出互为大三度或小三度的两个不同音高。这套编钟的大部分音区已有完整的十二个半音，总音域达五个八度。各钟体上的乐律铭文总共有2,800多字，它向世人展示了前所未知的乐律体系，是珍贵的资料。

ZENG HOU YI BIAN ZHONG: COLLECTED BELLS FROM THE TOMB OF YI, MARQUIS ZENG

The largest collected bells ever found was from the Tomb of Yi, Marquis Zeng (5^th century BC) in Sui County, Hubei Province. The set consists of 64 zhong bells and a bo bell (a gift from King Chu), 2,500kg, hung in three layers, the upper for niuzhong (bells vertically suspended), and the middle and the lower for yongzhong (bells hung at a slight angle). On each, two pitches, a major or a minor third apart, can be produced by striking its two different parts, the frontal or the lateral. 12 semi-tones can be heard in most part of the set, with a whole range of 5 octaves. Its valuable inscriptions, over 2,800 Chinese characters in all, unite to form a literature of an unknown temperament system. From the inscription we know that Kingdom Zeng had special names for each of the 12 pitches, and that there existed a complete set of 12 tones, each with its own name, of which we are only familiar with 5, i.e. gong (do), zhi (sol), shang (re), yu (la), and jiao (mi).

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