用古代编钟演奏的《彩云追月》好听炸了 Playing with the ancient musical instruments chime “clouds”

古代乐器编钟演奏的《彩云追月》

Playing with the ancient musical instruments chime “clouds”

早在3500年前的商代，中国就有了编钟，不过那时的编钟多为三枚一套。后来随着时代的发展，每套编钟的个数也不断增加。古代的编钟多用于宫廷的演奏，在民间很少流传，每逢征战、朝见或祭祀等活动时，都要演奏编钟。

1978年，湖北随州南郊擂鼓墩的一座战国时代（约公元前433年）的曾侯乙墓出土的编钟，是至今为止所发现的成套编钟中最引人注目的一套，这套编钟之大，足以占满一个现代音乐厅的整个舞台。曾侯乙墓编钟由19个钮钟、45个甬钟，外加楚惠王送的一件大傅钟共65件组成。这些钟分3层8组挂在钟架上，直挂在上层的3组叫钮钟，斜悬在中下层的5组叫甬钟，其中最小的一个钮钟高20．4厘米、质量为2．4千克，在演奏中能起定调作用，最大的一个低音甬钟高达153．4厘米、质量为203．6千克，全套编钟总质量在2500千克以上。钟架是铜木结构的，它的外形呈直角曲尺形（如┏），全长10米以上，上下3层，高273厘米，由6个佩剑的青铜武士和几根圆柱承托。整套编钟和梁架气势宏大、壮观无比。演奏时乐队由几个人组成，用6只丁字形木锤敲高、中音，用两根长形棒撞低音。经声学专家研究，编钟中的每只钟都可以发出两个不同的乐音，只要准确地敲击钟上标音的位置，它就能发出合乎一定频率的乐音，整套编钟能奏出现代钢琴上的所有黑白键的音响。这套编钟的定音频率为256．4赫，与现在钢琴上的中央“C”频率几乎完全相等。

曾侯乙编钟用料是铜、锡、铝合金，全套编钟上装饰有人、兽、龙等花纹，铸制精美，花纹细致清晰，并刻有错金铭文，用以标明各钟的发音音调，它是公元前433年的实物。可见，远在2400多年以前。我国的音乐文化和铸造技术已经发展到相当高的水平，它比欧洲十二平均律的键盘乐器的出现要早将近2000年。

用曾侯乙编钟演奏的乐曲《楚殇》。乐曲表现了中国古代诗人屈原被流放时的悲愤之情。

曾侯乙编钟的总音域达到五个八度，略次于现代的钢琴。中声部约占三个八度，由于有音列结构大致相同的编钟，形成了三个重叠的声部，几乎能奏出完整的十二个半音，可以奏出五声、六声或七声音阶的音乐作品。　　根据现代学者的研究、推想，这套编钟演奏时应由三位乐工，执丁字形木槌，分别敲击中层三组编钟奏出乐曲的主旋律，另有两名乐工，执大木棒撞击下层的低音甬钟，作为和声。

推荐曲目：
编钟曲目有
竹枝词（编钟与编磬）
春江花月夜（古乐合奏）
屈原问渡（古乐合奏）
楚殇（古乐合奏）
幽兰（古琴与编钟）
国殇（古乐合奏）
送孟浩然之广陵（古乐合奏）

Playing with the ancient musical instruments chime “clouds”

As early as 3500 years before the Shang Dynasty, Chinese have bells, but then the bells for a set of three. Later, with the development of the times, the number of each set of bells are also increasing. The ancient bells for court play, rarely in the folk, during the campaign, before or sacrificial activities, all play bells.

In 1978, a Warring States era in Hubei the southern suburbs of Suizhou, the leigudun (about 433 BC) unearthed from the tomb of Ceng Houyi is a set of bells, the most striking set of bells so far as found in this set of bells, big enough to fill a whole stage of the modern music hall. The tomb of Ceng Houyi chimes by 19 button clock, 45 bells, and Chu king Hui sent a large bell 65 pieces of fu. The clock is divided into 3 layers, 8 groups of clock hanging on the rack, hanging in the 3 group called the upper button clock, cable suspension 5 set called the bells in the middle and lower, one button clock the minimum height of 20.4 cm, weight of 2.4 kg, can play a role in tuning in playing a bass, Ningbo the clock up to 153.4 cm, the largest mass of 203.6 kg, a full set of bells in the total mass of 2500 kg or more. The bell frame is copper wood structure, its shape is rectangular L-shaped (such as metaprotein), a total length of 10 meters, down 3, 273 cm high, consists of 6 bronze sword warriors and supporting columns. Set of bells and beams is grand and spectacular. When playing the band is composed of several people, on high, with 6 Alto T-shaped wooden hammer, hit the bass with two long rods. The acoustic experts, each clock chimes in can produce two different tones, as long as the accurate position or the clock struck, it will be able to send a certain frequency set of bells can play music, all black and white keys on the modern piano sound. This set of chimes accordatura frequencies of 256.4 Hz, and now the piano on the center of the “C” frequency almost exactly the same. [
Ceng Houyi chimes materials are copper and tin, Aluminum Alloy, a full set of bells decorated with man and beast, dragon pattern, exquisite casting pattern, clear and detailed, and engraved with gold inscriptions, used to indicate the pronunciation of bell tones, it is 433 BC real. Visible, more than 2400 years ago. China’s music culture and casting technology have developed to a fairly high level, which is earlier than the European twelve average clavier appeared nearly 2000.

Playing with Ceng Houyi music bells “Chu war”. The music shows Qu Yuan Chinese ancient poet exiled the feeling of anger.

The total range of Ceng Houyi bells reached five to eight degrees, slightly inferior to the modern piano. In part accounted for about three to eight degrees, the tone structure roughly the same bells, formed a superposition of three voices, can play almost twelve semitones complete, music can play the five sound, sound six or seven sound. According to the study, that modern scholars, this set of bells played by three musicians, with T-shaped mallet, respectively on the middle three and play the main melody of the clock, two other musicians, holding the big stick hit the lower bass bells, as harmony.

Recommended repertoire:

The bells track
Zhuzhici (bells and chimes)
Moonlit night (instrumental ensemble)
Qu Yuan asked du (instrumental ensemble)
Chu Shang (instrumental ensemble)
Orchid (Guqin and bells)
Memorial (instrumental ensemble)
Send the Yangzhou Meng (instrumental ensemble)

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