世界非遗项目 亚美尼亚双簧管 杜杜克音乐 Intangible cultural heritage project Armenia Oboe

世界上最古老的乐器—-嘟嘟克笛 ( Duduk )，其声音苍凉，孤独，带着浓浓的悲剧色彩。这声音不属于喧嚣的世界，它属于古老的年代。

每当Duduk的声音响起，会有种时空转移的错觉，眼前会幻化出一种场景：夕阳西下，孤独的游子用吹奏，来缓解思乡的情绪。而那愁思却伴随着音符，象薄暮的烟霭那样沁入心头，越来越浓郁，越来越悲凉……

嘟嘟克笛 ( Duduk )，源自亚美尼亚的一种古老木质笛子。据西方学者考究，已存在地球1500年。

Duduk 是具有灵魂和情感的乐器，它是人类精神净化后的谐音，从它小小的指孔中吹出的，是亚美尼亚苦难历史的悲音，同时又是对现实的赞歌——亚美尼亚人对光明生活的追求和向往，他们的信念是正直而巨大的力量！

杜杜克笛

制作人：雅各卑

亚美尼亚传统民族乐器“杜杜克”，是世界上最古老的双簧风鸣乐器之一。曾经流传到波斯、阿塞拜疆、中东其他地区，甚至土耳其、巴尔干半岛。Duduk在各个国家有不同的称谓，在格鲁吉亚叫做Duduki，在土耳其叫做Mey，阿塞拜疆及一些中亚国家叫Balaban。我们所看到的Duduk大概有三种尺寸大小，一般是八孔，且音域不广，一个八度。Duduk的声音和中国的一种古老乐器埙的声音非常类似，相比较之下，埙比Duduk更为饱满一些，虽然孤独忧伤的感觉也相似，但是两者有着不同的苍凉。Duduk给人的感觉更为浓重一些，而埙更轻灵一些。

杜杜克笛的制造材料取自杏树，和亚美尼亚的杏滋味一样，杜杜克的声响也独具韵味，它苍凉、孤独，带着浓浓的悲剧色彩。当Duduk的声音响起时，你会有种空间转移的错觉。这声音不是属于现在这个喧嚣的世界，它属于那个古老的年代。眼前甚至会幻化出一种场景：夕阳西下，一个孤独的游人站在高处，用吹奏来缓解思乡的情绪。而那愁思却伴随着音符，象薄暮的烟霭那样倾入人的心头，越来越浓郁，越来越悲凉。何为音尘绝，莫过于此声。

附：Djivan Gasparyan–来自亚美尼亚的忧伤笛声 　　作者：athos

Djivan Gasparyan的音乐是我听过最动人的、触及人的灵魂的音乐之一。他是吹奏duduk，这种亚美尼亚民间传统乐器的无可争议的大师。Duduk是一种木质笛子，它发出的声音是一种丰满的，声音尖锐而清亮的音调，那令人难以抗拒的旋律由一种轻柔的呼吸吹出—就象是古老的祈祷声，来自充满苦难的亚美尼亚历史。 　　Gasparyan大部分的音乐都来源于古老的亚美尼亚民间音乐。他用一种自然而又带着轻微抑扬的颤音吹奏出悠扬而轻抚人心的音乐；他的乐句温柔而连绵，不时能听到轻柔的呼吸声。这种忧伤的音乐里充满了亚美尼亚人民的欢乐和渴望。是Brian Eno发现了他的音乐，并将他的音乐带给了世界。Brian Eno第一次听他的音乐是在莫斯科一个朋友的家里，那时正是1988年亚美尼亚灾难性的大地震之后，Brian立刻就被迷住了。那是充满悲怆、痛苦和渴望的音乐，是与古老的教堂和民间传统，以及亚美尼亚人宗教身份有着紧密联系的音乐。他的音乐有强烈的画面感，让人浮想联翩。在电影?基督最后的诱惑?和?Dead Man Walking?中，他的音乐被运用出了很好的效果。 　　在谈到他的音乐是，Gasparyan很谦虚。但可以说是他将duduk从快要湮没无闻的境地挽救出来。Duduk是用杏木制成，有8个指孔在上部，1个指孔在后边。民族音乐学家将duduk的历史追溯到公元400年，尽管一些亚美尼亚学者坚持duduk是起源于公元前1200年。跟巴松管一样，duduk是一种双簧片的乐器，它的声音温暖而又柔和，音色介于长笛和双簧管之间。因为它只有一个八度音程，所以它的表现力取决于吹奏方法，手指的技巧和音调的细微差别。Gasparyan则用更诗意的语言来加以描述：“Duduk是有灵魂和情感的，它是人类精神净化后的谐音，从它小小的指孔中吹出的是亚美尼亚苦难历史的悲音，同时又是对现实的赞歌—亚美尼亚人对光明的生活的追求向往，他们的信念，正直和巨大的力量。” 　　Gasparyan出生在Solag，那是一个在现亚美尼亚首都埃尔温（Yerevan）郊外的小村庄。从六岁起，他开始听一些老人们演奏，并向他们学习—从另一个角度说他也算是自学成材。在1948年，他加入了Tatool Altounian 国家歌舞团（National Song and Dance Ensemble），并且作为一个独奏演奏员在Yerevan爱乐乐团开始了职业生涯。从那以后，他多次因他的艺术才华而被表彰。在联合国教科文组织举办的国际性比赛中他获得了金奖，并且他是唯一接受亚美尼亚政府授予的“亚美尼亚人民艺术家”称号的音乐家。除了独奏以外，他还与Kronos Quartet以及洛杉矶交响乐团合作录制过唱片。而且他还参加了在欧洲，美洲和亚洲举办的多个艺术节。 　　“I Will Not Be Sad in this World”这首曲子第一次录制是在1983年。在被Eno发现之后，它得到许可在国际上发行（用了一个新的标题）。“他们从莫斯科给我打电话，让我过去，”Gasparyan回忆道，“从那儿出发我们去了伦敦。在1988年大地震后，我们换了标题。由一个歌已经有了题目：’在这世界上我不会再悲伤和哭泣’。所以我们觉得，尤其是在地震之后，这个题目适用于整张CD。亚美尼亚的历史是悲剧性的历史。”Gasparyan将这张CD的所得全部捐给了地震受害者。 　　另一张专辑Moon Shines at Night（月亮在夜晚照耀）中的一首曲子标题为“1988年12月7号”，那正是大地震的日期。那时他正在Yerevan。“在Yerevan我们没有太大的感觉，”他说，“没有新闻，没有从震中Spitak来的片言只语。我在Spitak有朋友，所以我去了那儿。那里没有任何生命的迹象，教堂的大钟已经坍塌了，所有的建筑物都成了废墟一片。数个月来，人们所能做的仅仅是挖掘尸体。” 　　当问及为什么他的音乐，事实上也使大部分亚美尼亚的音乐，都是那么忧伤的音乐，他回答道：“我们曾有过快乐的时光。但是我们这个民族存在的大部分时间都是在受压迫，这肯定对我们的音乐有影响。我自己也觉得奇怪’为什么我们的音乐那么悲伤’，但我们就是这样的。” 　　亚美尼亚人生来就带着忧伤。而且我们从父辈那里听来这种音乐，尽管很悲伤，我们仍然很爱这种音乐，这是我们遗传下来的东西，也就是通过我们的演奏所表达出来的东西。没办法，但这并不是说我们只有悲伤的音乐。有很多快乐的时候，我们也演奏duduk。但是就是在这些欢快的场合，我们所演奏的情歌和抒情歌曲，都透出一种忧伤的味道。” 　　今天的亚美尼亚，在学校里又开始教授duduk。让Gasparyan感到自豪的是，现在的亚美尼亚年轻人再一次渴望学习乐器来传承他们丰富的文化遗产。“我最大的愿望就是将美好的传统传给我的孙儿们和所有的年轻人。我有两个孙儿，我已经开始教他们吹duduk。我也教过很多年轻人，每个人都非常喜爱它。在亚美尼亚，任何音乐会或是社会活动的场合上，都能听到duduk的乐声。”

The world’s most ancient musical instrument – Flute (Duduk Dudu g), the voice of desolation, loneliness, with a deep sense of tragedy. It does not belong to the noisy world, it belongs to the old age.

Whenever Duduk’s voice, a temporal shift of illusion, eyes will be turned into a kind of scene: sunset, lonely wandering with wind, to ease the feelings of homesickness. The melancholy was accompanied by a note, as dusk mist as Qinru heart, more and more rich, more and more sad……

Dudu (Duduk g flute), from an ancient wooden flute in Armenia. According to western scholars, elegant, the earth has existed in 1500.

Duduk is the soul and emotion of the instrument, it is a homonym of the human spirit after purification, it blows out from the small hole, Armenia is suffering in the history of the tragic, but also the reality of the light – Armenian hymn to life and the pursuit of. Their faith is integrity and great power!

Duduk

Producer: Jacob humble

Armenia traditional folk musical instrument “Du Duke” is one of the oldest oboe wind instruments in the world. It was spread to Persia, Azerbaijan, the rest of the Middle East, and even Turkey and the balkans. Duduk has different titles in different countries. In Georgia, it is called Duduki, and Turkey is called Mey, Azerbaijan and some Central Asian countries are called Balaban. The size of the Duduk we see is about three sizes, usually eight holes, and the range is not wide, a eight degree. An ancient musical instrument Xun Duduk’s voice and the voice of China is very similar, in contrast, Xun than Duduk more full, although the lonely feeling of sadness is similar, but the two have different desolation. Duduk gives people the feeling is more dense, more light and xun.

Du Duke De’s manufacturing materials from apricot, and Armenia apricot taste, Du Duke sound also unique charm, it is desolate, lonely, with a strong tragic color. When the Duduk voice, you can transfer a kind of illusion of space. This is not the voice now belongs to the hustle and bustle of the world, it belongs to the old age. Eyes and even turned into a kind of scene: sunset, a lonely people standing height, use play to ease the feelings of homesickness. The melancholy was accompanied by a note, as the mist that poured into the twilight heart, more and more rich, more and more sad. What is you’re far away, no sound.

Attached: Djivan Gasparyan– from Armenia. The author: Athos

Djivan Gasparyan is the music I heard one of the most beautiful music, touch your soul. He is playing duduk, master the undisputed Armenia traditional folk musical instruments. Duduk is a wooden flute, the sound is a full voice, sharp and clear tone, the irresistible melody by a soft breath blowing – like ancient prayers, full of suffering from the history of Armenia. Gasparyan most of the music comes from the ancient folk music of Armenia. He used a natural, with a slight tremolo playing the melodious and touching the hearts of iambic music; his phrase is gentle and continuous, from time to time to hear the gentle breath. This sad music is full of joy and desire of the people of Armenia. Brian Eno found his music, and his music to the world. Brian Eno listened to his music for the first time at a friend’s home in Moscow, after the disastrous earthquake in Armenia in 1988, and Brian was immediately captivated. It is full of sorrow and pain and longing for the music, and the ancient church and folk traditions, and Armenian religious identity are closely linked to the music. His music has a strong sense of the picture, let people fall into a reverie. In the movie, the last seduction of Christ and Dead Man Walking, his music was used very well. When talking about his music is very modest, Gasparyan. But it can be said that he will duduk was saved from obscurity. Duduk is made of apricot wood, with 8 finger holes in the upper part, 1 finger holes in the back. National music scientists trace the history of duduk back to ad 400, although some Armenia scholars insist that duduk originated in the 1200 bc. Like bassoon, duduk is a kind of double reed instrument, its sound is warm and soft, and its tone is between flute and oboe. Because it only has an interval of eight degrees, its expressiveness depends on the way it is played, the skill of the fingers and the nuances of pitch. Gasparyan is described by a more poetic language: “Duduk is the soul and emotion, it is a homonym of human spirit after purification, it blows out from the small hole of Armenia is suffering in the history of the tragic, but also longing for reality – hymn Armenian pursuit for bright life. Their faith, integrity and great strength.” Gasparyan was born in Solag, a small village on the outskirts of Erwin, capital of Armenia, now in Yerevan. From the age of six, he began to listen to some old people playing and learning from them – in another way, he was also self-taught. In 1948, he joined the Tatool Altounian Song and Dance (National Ensemble), and started his career as a solo performer in the Yerevan Philharmonic orchestra. From then on, he repeatedly because of his artistic talent and was commended. UNESCO group