中国乐器 古琴的制作工艺 视频简介 The making process of Chinese musical instrument guqin

视频播放  古琴的制作工艺及流程 Production process and process of Guqin

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古琴的制作与鉴别制作、鉴别:

古琴造型优美，历来为制琴家所重视，南宋芝翁的《太古遗音》，是我国最早载
有古琴样式的古籍。在存见的古琴中，最常见的为伏羲、仲尼、联珠、落霞和月型等
式样，古琴型式虽多，但只是在项部和腰部向内弯曲上有所不同而已。宋代以来，琴
制由大渐趋狭小。一般说来，《太古遗音》琴制为中琴，唐琴属于大琴二列。
我国制琴历史极为悠久。唐、宋是古琴制作的黄金时代，出现了许多造型美观、
工艺精巧、音响宏亮、音色优美的珍品。
制作古琴最重视选材。面板应使用纹理顺直、宽度均匀、硬度适中，无疤节和虫
蛀等缺陷的梧桐木制作。唐代制琴世家雷氏曾总结为：“选材良，用意深，五百年，
有正音”。
古琴的制作已失传多年，一些历代流传下来的名琴，又多系演奏家自制，故各部
件的位置、尺寸很不统一。古琴恢复制作是近几十年的事,所仿制的琴，也各有特点,
但音量都较小，还不适合在演奏厅使用。近年来试制改良的宏音古琴，使它初步适于
独奏、小型合奏或为歌唱伴奏。
鉴别古琴的优劣，主要从选材、工艺和发音等方面进行。在工艺上，琴面弧度平
正、自然适度，不能有凹陷或不平现象。琴身端正，放于桌上应平稳。各部分加工须
精细,胶合处严密牢固无缝隙。琴身油漆色调雅致,表面平滑光亮。琴弦应丝条均匀、
质地光泽，洁白而拉力强。缠弦以紧密、均匀、明亮、光润为佳。在发音上，应音响
纯净、音量宏大，各弦发音均匀，没有杂音，高音清晰，共鸣和传远效果好，音色优
美、圆润、清脆，既不尖锐，也不钝拙。
古琴上的断纹，是古琴年代久远的标志。这种特有的现象，是由于木质、漆底和
振动性能等的不同，琴漆经过长年的振动而造成的。有断纹的古琴，不但琴音透澈，
而且外表也很美观。北宋以来,琴人对此极为重视。断纹的形状较多,据《潜确类书》
中载：“古琴以断纹为证，不历数百年不断。有梅花断，其纹如梅花，此为最古；有
牛毛断，其纹如发千百条者；有蛇腹断，其纹横截琴面……；有龙纹断，其纹圆大；
有龟纹，冰裂纹。”古琴历来以蛇腹断和梅花断最为名贵。辽宁博物馆珍藏的唐琴
“九霄环佩”，就是蛇腹断的古琴。

购买：

学习弹奏古琴，首先必须准备一张较好的古琴，并须准备适用的琴桌与琴垫等用品。
1.古琴：
由于古琴不像其它民族乐器那样普及，学习的人较少，乐器厂制造的古琴数量也不多。要选购比较满意的古琴，除可到古玩商店去物色，或向古琴收藏家请求出让外，现在北京、上海、苏州、扬州、贵州、西安等地的民族乐器厂以及某些有制琴专长的人，均制作古琴，可供初学者选购。
一张较好的古琴，应具备以下一些优点：
（1）高音区要清脆有金石声，中低音要浑厚丰满。
（2）发音要松透、明亮、圆润、有韵味。
（3）琴弦离琴面不可过高，琴面要平匀，不可有杀（噪）音。
（4）徽位排列要正，否则会影响按音的准确和泛音的发音。
（5）年代久远有历史价值的古琴，琴身上往往有“断纹”，这种琴常常发音松透、圆润，优美动听。
2.古琴桌
从前弹琴用的琴桌，有单人琴桌和双人琴桌两种。桌面有石制的，也有木质的。
一般说，古琴桌要用干透的松质木料制成，桌面不可太厚，下面最好制成共鸣箱，以帮助古琴发音，增加音量。琴桌必须做的稳固勿使摇动，以免影响弹奏效果。琴桌要低，专用的琴桌，高约73厘米（较普通用桌略低），座位要高，以两膝能放进桌下为宜，便于演奏技巧的发挥。一般合适的书桌也可以代替琴桌。

The making, identification, making and identification of guqin:

The graceful shape of Guqin has always been concerned by Guqin performers.

Guqin ancient books. In China, the most common is the rich Creek, Zhongni, Laxia, and type alignment

Guqin has a variety of styles, but it is different from the waist and waist bending. Since the Song Dynasty, Qin Dynasty

The system is getting smaller and smaller. In general, the sound system of Swire “leave Qin Qin, Qin Tang daegeum two column.

China has a long history, the state of qin. The Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty were the golden days of Guqin production, and many beautiful faces appeared,

Exquisite workmanship, sound sonorous, beautiful tone.

The most important thing is to choose guqin. The panel should be flat, uniform, moderate hardness, no scars and worms.

The making of Chinese parasol tree. In the Tang Dynasty, Guqin’s home was summed up as “good choice, profound intention, five hundred years.”.” ,

Pronunciation.

Guqin production has been lost for many years, some generations passed down the name of Qin, and many musicians homemade, so the department.

The position and size of the parts are quite different. The restoration of Guqin is the imitation of Guqin and its own characteristics in recent decades,

But it’s too small to be used in concert halls. In recent years, the improved Gu Gu Valley makes it suitable for the initial use.

A solo, ensemble or accompaniment.

The merits and faults of Guqin mainly depend on material selection, processing and pronunciation. In this process, the surface radian is flat.

Naturally, there is no sag or irregularity. Guqin body is correct, the desktop should be smooth. Every part must be machined.

Fine, solid, seamless. The body is elegant and the surface is smooth and bright. The string should be consistent,

Texture, gloss, whiteness and tensile strength. The line should be closed, uniform, bright and smooth. Sound should be sound

Pure, large volume, string sound uniform, no noise, treble clear, resonance and remote control effect is good, excellent sound quality.

Beautiful, mellow, crisp, neither sharp nor blunt.

Guqin broken line is a symbol of Guqin long history. This unique phenomenon is due to wood, paint and bottom.

The vibration performance is different, Qin coating has been caused by vibration for many years. Broken line Guqin not only sounds clear,

It’s beautiful. Since the Northern Song Dynasty, the Qin people attached great importance to it. Many potential shapes, according to the “potential” book.

In the middle: “Guqin breaks patterns, as evidence, not hundreds of years.”.”. The plum blossom, its lines like plum blossom, is the oldest plum blossom.

The bull’s hair like one thousand men ran out; snake belly was run, the instrument surface is horizontal…… A dashed line; a dragon; a great circle;

Guqin is the most precious organ to break the belly and the plum blossom. Tang Qin in Liaoning Museum

“Jiuxiao huanpei”, Guqin is a snake.

Purchase:

Learning to play guqin, first of all to prepare the guqin, and prepare suitable Guqin table and Guqin pad and other supplies.

1. Guqin:

Because Guqin is not as popular as other ethnic musical instruments, there are fewer people to learn, and the number of Guqin produced by musical instruments is not much. In addition to guqin antique shop to buy, or require foreign Guqin collectors, now Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou, Yangzhou, Guizhou, Xi’an and other places of the national musical instruments factory and some of the guqin, guqin beginners have bought.

A good Guqin should have the following advantages:

(1) the treble should be clear and pleasant, and the bass and bass should be full and powerful.

(2) pronunciation should be loose, bright, mellow and full of charm.

(3) the string on the Guqin surface can not be too high, and even the Guqin surface can not have, killing (noise).

(4) the arrangement of the emblem should be positive, otherwise it will affect the accuracy of the sound and the pronunciation of the overtone.

(5) Guqin has a long historical value, and often has “broken line” in Qin. This kind of Guqin is often loose, round and beautiful.

2. Guqin stands up

There are two kinds of Guqin desks: the single Guqin table and the double Guqin table. This table is made of stone, made of wood.

Generally speaking, the Guqin table should be made of dry pine, and the tabletop should not be too thick. It’s better to use the resonant box to help the pronunciation and volume of the guqin. Guqin table must be stable, do not shake, so as not to affect the performance. The Guqin table is very low, very special.

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