乐器好声音在街头 古典大师也斗琴

街头斗琴 交战正酣

Classical master competition music

斗琴或名曰琴技切磋,这种现象不是当今仅有,早在多年以前欧洲的那些名声显赫的古典音乐大师之间就有。

古典音乐界著名的七次斗琴事件

2016-10-10 360doc 管风琴艺术

在视频中的斗琴让人眼花缭乱,这样的桥段真的会发生在现实生活中吗?在音乐界,音乐家们经常“决斗”,当然不会是骑士决斗,都是兵不见血的“斗琴”。

古代欧洲有一个习俗,就是两个男人之间只要互相看不惯,就可以互相提出决斗。决斗这样东西,从中古世纪就开始出现,到现在还没被完全废除。从贴身肉搏,到全副武装的剑盾互搏和马上冲击,再到长短剑和火枪。

一般干这种事的,都是有身份有地位的人,决斗的原因千奇百怪,不过大部分的人决斗都是为了名誉、钱财和女人。一般都要把对方打趴下,或者直接杀死对方,在那个时候,这样的事情是不犯法的,所以决斗之风非常盛行。

音乐家也有决斗的事情,当然我们的音乐家朋友们一般都没有经过什么体育锻炼,所以你要他们舞刀弄枪是不行的,再加上要是音乐家们经常决斗,那么音乐史估计就要变成另外一个样了。于是,他们改为了斗琴(Piano Duels)。

如果不是有人问Gelinek他和贝多芬斗琴谁会赢,而Gelinek气势汹汹地丢出一句“我可以爆他九条街”的话,估计题目就是《六对钢琴家的巅峰对决》了。

不过实际情况是,尽管Gelinek认为自己天下无敌,但实际上连给贝多芬擦鞋都不够。单单只在首回合要求演奏自己最好、最难的钢琴作品的环节中,反倒是Gelinek在观众面前被完爆九条街,不过没办法,谁叫贝多芬选的是他自己的《第十九号钢琴奏鸣曲》呢。

二次回合是即兴演奏,Gelinek似乎已经不知道自己在弹什么,或者说他假装知道自己在弹什么,结果很显而易见地,又被贝多芬秀了一脸。还没等第三回合开始呢,Gelinke就灰溜溜地打出GG退游戏了。

这一个对决并没有在现实生活中发生过。但实际上,如果不是斯克里亚宾自己作死在练完《伊斯拉美》只有又跑去练李斯特的《唐璜的回忆》,结果弄伤了手,这个斗琴是会发生的。

至于列文涅,一直就被公认为有史以来最好的钢琴家之一,他留下的一些圆筒录音被约瑟夫•霍夫曼和弗拉迪米尔•霍洛维茨奉若神明,你可以在YouTube上找到这些录音。

不过说实话,斯克里亚宾伤了右手也是因祸得福,因为他写出了《f小调圆舞曲》来悼念自己的右手。不管怎样,最终他的右手还是痊愈了啦,就是他再也没办法挑战列文涅而已。

这时的贝多芬是不是还没到31岁?那么他还是能听到自己弹琴的,所以这时候不要尝试去挑战他。但愿当时Steibelt的先见之明跟我们的事后诸葛亮一般精明的话。Steibel当时被称为最不炫技的炫技大师,以传播谣言、诈骗、从音乐会收入中“抽水”以及和有妇之夫上床等等而闻名。他甚至谣传说贝多芬非常害怕Steibel。

对于贝多芬来说,如果不是Steibel下定决心要和贝多芬来一场对决的话,他本来是不用管Steibel在胡说八道些什么的。这场对决发生在1800年5月,Steibel动身前往维也纳,一心只想在自己的掌控下击败贝多芬。对于这场对决,历史学家问得最多的一个问题是:“这人脑子进水了吧?”

两人在菲利斯伯爵的府邸里见面,菲利斯伯爵是一位富有的赞助人和艺术爱好者,尤其是对音乐感兴趣,也喜欢贝多芬那种容易爆发的脾气(PS:这是一位懂贝多芬的人啊)。他肯定是支持贝多芬的了,不过双方在这差不多100个观众中的支持率基本持平,这些观众大多数是伯爵的家臣。

这场对决还是以传统的方式进行,在第一回合中,双方自选一部技术难度非常高的作品演奏,贝多芬选择了莫扎特的奏鸣曲,Steibel则演奏了海顿的奏鸣曲。第二轮则是互出主题的即兴演奏,这个回合是贝多芬胜出。

最后,也是最重要的一个回合则是检验演奏家的表演才能,他们必须视奏对方写给自己的新作品。Steibel率先出场,演奏了贝多芬的《降B大调钢琴奏鸣曲》,Steibel弹得不错,大家听毕后都热切的鼓掌,伯爵甚至说贝多芬的眼中竟然闪着泪光。

Steibel则尝试用自己新写的大提琴奏鸣曲来给贝多芬下套,这是在理论上是违反规则的。但贝多芬还是赢了,而且还不是赢在技术上。他拿过谱子,把它整个倒放在谱架上,还从后往前读。

贝多芬选择了一个主题即兴演奏了30分钟。这彻底让Steibel崩溃了,还没等贝多芬弹完,他就离开了伯爵的府邸,从此没脸再见贝多芬。

这场对决在巴赫的各种传记中被添油加醋地讲述了一遍又一遍,最令人信服的故事版本来自于飞利浦•斯皮塔的传记,故事是这样的:

1717年,巴赫已经成为德意志,乃至欧洲著名的键盘演奏家,但他的作品在当时却并没有如他演奏家地位一般令人钦佩,毕竟当时巴洛克运动已经是过时的东西了,但是巴赫写的东西还是如往常一般繁复和浓重,一如巴洛克传统。

而刘易斯•玛善德在当时则是与巴赫齐名的法国管风琴和键盘演奏家,当他听说巴赫的演奏技巧非常精湛之后,便动身前往德国,要与巴赫一决高下。

那时候巴赫还在魏玛的宫廷里任职,当他们见面时,巴赫的雇主和伯乐费雷德利克二世便组织了一场小型的羽管键琴对决。巴赫最早来到比赛场地,他便趁着没人的时候在琴上做一点热身练习。玛善德这时候也来到了比赛场地,听了一会巴赫在琴上的热身之后,便转身离去,登上马车回到法国,从此没有再踏足过德国的土地。

1781年的平安夜,克莱门蒂和莫扎特在皇帝弗朗兹•约瑟夫二世的宫廷里会面。尽管两人竞争激烈,但却没有杀红了眼。克莱门蒂的出色技巧使得他可以由始至终与莫扎特平分秋色,皇帝也裁决这是一场平局,但他们还是要求加赛,由皇帝本人给出的主题作即兴变奏以分出胜负,在两人一系列的即兴大小调赋格、变奏、圆舞曲之后,依然不分高下。

不过出于礼节,克莱门蒂还是承认莫扎特是胜者,莫扎特也是这么认为的,毕竟他其实不怎么喜欢意大利人,因为莫扎特总觉得他们写的音乐很糟。他在给他父亲的信里面说:“克莱门蒂弹得挺好的,就右手而言确实如此。他把最大的力量放在他段落中的三度中。除了这些以外,他并没有像克鲁采一般值得品味和感受的东西。一言以蔽之,他只不过是一台机器而已。”莫扎特在随后写到:“克莱门蒂就像江湖骗子,跟所有的意大利人一样。他把作品标记成急板,但弹出来却是快板。”

而克莱门蒂则是这么说莫扎特的:“在他之前我从来没有听过有人的演奏可以如此地优雅和具有灵性。我尤其被在那天,他由皇帝所出的主题而作的变奏所吸引。”


贝多芬有一个坏习惯,那就是凡事必做到最好。这让贝多芬在那些试图挣脱他的影响的演奏家们心中的阴影更为庞大。沃飞和贝多芬在之前曾经是朋友,在各自的领域也有一些成就。但显然,排在贝多芬之后显然不是沃飞想要的地位,于是他在1799年向贝多芬下了战书,两人在贝多芬的赞助人韦茨拉尔伯爵的府邸展开了对决。韦茨拉尔伯爵也是当时不少艺术家的赞助人。

在对决举行的时候,沃飞已经在欧洲各地,尤其是德国和奥地利举办了不少的独奏会,沃飞极力宣传自己,为的是让贝多芬对他有所耳闻。这确实收到了成效。贝多芬的朋友安东•辛德林告诉贝多芬,他遇到了一个强有力的对手。沃飞身高超过180,有一双可以跨越十三度的大手。贝多芬只有158,手可以跨过十度(当时的琴键宽度比现代钢琴的要小)。不过贝多芬反驳说所有好的钢琴家必须用踏板保持第一个音符,并迅速演奏下一个,如果两个音符之间跨越十度或者更多,好的踏板技巧可以让音符之间跨度造成的时间差难以辨别。

不过就像之后贝多芬与Steibe的对决一样,两人在第一回合斗得难分难解,随后对手就被贝多芬揍得趴下,从来没有人可以在即兴演奏和视奏中与贝多芬一较高下。在此之后,沃飞就不敢在奥地利嘚瑟了。

李斯特和塔尔伯格之间的竞争从1836年一直持续到1842年,在此期间,两人都在欧洲开了不少巡回音乐会,塔尔伯格经常与李斯特选同样的地点开音乐会,有时候是同时,有时候是稍后,就为了宣告自己是当时世界上最伟大的钢琴家。

这场对决只要证明塔尔伯格的技艺在李斯特之上的话,那么二十世纪以后的钢琴演奏历史,都要改写。

两人都没有遵循过去的对决方式,反之,他们都尝试通过在欧洲各地的演奏会中打压对方的人气而获胜。惺惺相惜的两人最终同意面对面解决问题。1837年3月31日,他们都各自准备了有着最极端技巧的作品应战,两人都不知道对方都在准备着大杀器。

当他们最后见面并发现这点的时候,都不由自主地大笑起来,并很快准备就绪开始比赛。巴黎著名沙龙的女主人克里斯蒂娜•贝尔吉欧加索公主充当裁判。他们第一轮演奏的作品都是在各自音乐会中的例牌:李斯特演奏了自己的《大加洛普舞曲》,塔尔贝格则演奏了自己的《诺尔玛幻想变奏曲》。

最后一个回合是各自演奏自己的新作品,塔尔伯格演奏了改编自罗西尼歌剧《摩西》的《摩西幻想曲》,李斯特则演奏改编自梅尔贝耶歌剧《魔鬼罗伯特》的《魔鬼罗伯特的回忆》,这两部作品都没有被时间所掩埋,当然李斯特的作品更为著名一些。两人斗得难分难解,都获得了在场观众的起立鼓掌。但是塔尔伯格却一直无法超越李斯特坐上世界最伟大钢琴家的交椅,在此之后他们都未曾面对面斗琴,余生都在欧洲巡演并享受着各自成功带来的一切,只不过属于李斯特的,要更长久一些。

Classical master competition music

The seven famous guqin events in the classical music world
2016-10-10 360doc organ Art
In the video the piano battle dazzling, this plot will really happen in real life? In the music world, musicians often “Duel”, of course, will not be a knight duel, are soldiers without blood “Dou Qin””.
There was a custom in ancient Europe that the two men could fight each other as long as they couldn’t see each other. Such things as dueling began in the middle ages, and have not yet been completely abolished. In close combat, to armed with sword and shield each stroke and immediately shock, to the length of the sword and gun.
General to do such a thing, is the identity status of the people, all sorts of strange things duel, but most people are fight for fame and money and women. In general, you should hit each other down, or directly kill each other, at that time, this kind of thing is not illegal, so the duel wind is very popular.
The musicians also had duel things, of course our musician friends are generally not after what physical exercise, so you should not get the gun they would, if coupled with musicians often duel, so music history is estimated to become another kind. So they changed to Piano Duels.
If someone asked him Gelinek and Beethoven Dou Qin who will win, and Gelinek in a threatening manner thrown out a word “I can burst his nine Street”, “six of the estimated topic is” the pianist ups.
But the reality is that even though Gelinek thinks he is invincible, but in fact are not enough even to Beethoven shoe. Only in the first leg of their best, asked to play the most difficult piano works in the link, but the Gelinek was finished in front of the audience burst nine street, but no way, who is called Beethoven his “nineteenth Piano Sonata”.
The two round was improvised, and Gelinek seemed to have no idea what he was playing, or he pretended to know what he was playing, and it was obvious that Beethoven was showing his face again. No grade three round started, Gelinke will play GG games back in disgrace.
This duel didn’t happen in real life. But in fact, if Scriabin had not finished in death “only” islamey went to coach Lester’s “Don Juan memories”, the injured hand, this piano battle occur.
As for the Levin nirvana, has been recognized as one of the best pianist in history, some cylinder recording he left by Joseph Hoffman and Vladimir Horowitz make a fetish of, you can find these recordings in YouTube.
But to tell the truth, Scriabin hurt his right hand is also a blessing in disguise, because he wrote “F minor waltz” to mourn his right hand. Anyway, at the end of his left hand or healed, he is no longer Liewennie challenge.
Is Beethoven still 31 years old? So he can still hear himself playing the piano, so don’t try to challenge him at this time. Hopefully, Steibelt’s foresight was as shrewd as our later Zhu Geliang. Steibel was known as the most dazzling master of technology, known for spreading rumors, fraud, pumping from concert income, and sleeping with married women. He even said that Beethoven was afraid of Steibel.
For Beethoven, if he hadn’t made up his mind to have a showdown with Beethoven, he wouldn’t have been talking about what Steibel was talking about about Steibel. The duel took place in May 1800, when Steibel left for Vienna with a desire to beat Beethoven under his control. One of the questions most frequently asked by historians is, “is this man in the water?””
The two men met in count Phyllis’s house, the Earl of Phyllis is a rich patron and art lovers, especially interested in music, but also love Beethoven’s explosive temper (PS: This is a Beethoven man). He is sure to support Beethoven, but the two sides in which nearly 100 of the audience support rate is basically the same, the audience is the most.
This battle is still in the traditional way, in the first round, the two sides optional a very high technical difficulty of the work performance, Beethoven chose Mozart’s Sonata, Steibel played a Haydn sonata. The second round is a improvisational theme, which is Beethoven’s victory.
The last and most important turn is to test the performer’s ability to play, and they have to look at each other’s own writings. Steibel appeared first, played Beethoven’s “Piano Sonata in B flat major”, Steibel was good, everyone listened to after fervent applause, Earl even said that Beethoven’s eyes had tears.
Steibel tried to set Beethoven down with his new Cello Sonata, which is in principle a violation of the rules. But Beethoven won, and he didn’t win technically. He took the music score, put it upside down on the stand, also read backwards.
Beethoven chose a theme to improvise for 30 minutes. This completely collapsed Steibel, and before Beethoven had finished, he left the count’s mansion and never saw Beethoven again.
This battle is about adding the trimmings again and again in the biographies of Bach, the most convincing

 

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