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视频播放     小号在交响乐队中的重要作用

铜管乐队中的小号地位

世界铜管乐队

 2016-08-15 14:34:48 考试周刊2016年63期

李帆

摘 要： 随着人们生活水平的提高，人们对生活其他方面的追求不断增加，其中包括人们在实际生活中对音乐品位的追求。音乐逐渐受到人们追捧的时候，西洋古典音乐成为人们关注的焦点。在整个西洋古典音乐演奏过程中，小号扮演着非常重要的角色。小号是一种在很早以前就出现的乐器，小号的发展历史非常悠久，有着自身的音质特性，因此小号被运用到各种交响乐队演奏场合之中，并且在交响乐队中起着非常重要的作用。本文对小号的出现、小号在不同时期的发展，以及小号在交响乐队中的作用进行了专项研究。

关键词： 小号 作用 交响乐队

在交响乐队发展历史之中，肯定少不了一种乐器的身影，那就是小号。不管是交响乐队还是小号，都有着特性，而且小号在交响乐队中扮演着极其重要、极有特性的角色。

小号在交响乐队中是一种绝对不能缺少的乐器，小号自身特殊音色与音质是其他类型乐器不能代替的，小号的音色较为特别，有一种非常高雅、非常华贵又没有傲气的特性音色，小号的音色可以表现出既雍容华贵又不失稳重的音乐形象。小号吹奏出来的音乐是交响乐队中的重要主音，可以表现出非常多变的音乐旋律，负责交响乐队中旋律转变、音色兼容的重要工作。在许多交响乐表演形式中，小号通常被运用来表现音乐角色形象的豪迈与气概。在古典交响乐队演奏中，小号用来表现古代贵族的豪迈气息，用来表现古代贵族军队的壮观及战争的壮烈程度。由于交响乐自身发展非常稳定，没有经历太大的阻碍，因此，小号在交响乐队中的音乐表现就会被保存下来，继续代表、演奏原有相关音乐形象。

小号的发展在不同发展时期会有不同表现形式，不同表现形式会在不同交响乐发展历程中起到不同作用。下面就对小号在不同历史时期，在交响乐队中的重要作用进行分析研究。

1.巴洛克时期小号在交响乐队中的发展与作用

小号在一开始是不允许随便吹的，当时只有犹太人和牧师才能吹小号，而到了中世纪时期，小号被用来在战争中传递信号，但是由于当时小号没有被系统看待，因此小号还是没有被正规演奏。随着历史不断进步及文艺复兴开始，社会文化与社会主见出现了非常大的变化，小号的种类也在不断增多，但是，小号依旧被用来在战场上传递信息。一直到了巴洛克时期，社会领域被不断拓宽，音乐领域的出现直接影响小号的发展变化，小号直到巴洛克时期才出现在交响音乐中。

小号在巴洛克时期的发展具有一定的历史意义。小号的制作工艺出现了明显进步，音色开始向多变、高雅方向发展。就是因为小号这样的发展现况，开始被引进皇宫之中，在皇宫的交响乐队中继续发展。巴洛克时期的小号承担着双重作用，既被运用到皇宫的交响乐演奏之中，又被运用到战争信息传递之中。

但是，小号的制作工艺日益精湛，音色开始细致，音准也有很大提高。小号在巴洛克时期成为社会群体及皇家贵族在音乐方面关注的焦点。因此，成为巴洛克时期交响乐队中演奏的主要乐器，负责最重要旋律的演奏，而在皇宫之中，小号的地位空前之高，成为皇家交响乐的主要演奏乐器。小号的演奏推动了整个交响乐队音律的丰富式发展，使交响乐队的音准越来越细致、越来越严格，成为巴洛克时期交响乐发展的主要推动力。

2.古典时期交响乐中小号的发展与作用

小号在古典时期的发展是较为多变的，没有固定的发展规律和发展特点，古典时期小号的发展情况完全不同于巴洛克时期小号的发展，古典时期，小号不仅负责皇宫交响乐演奏，而且负责皇宫交响乐的旋律编制，而改变创作方式，改变创作时期的参考物，使小号的发展更多样化。古典时期，音乐家们受到社会意识发展的影响，开始追求个人主义，注重追求每一个人的作用。因此，小号在古典时期交响乐发展历程中开始出现一定地位的下滑，社会交响乐开始追求每一个乐器独特的音色，导致小号不再是交响乐演奏中绝对的主力乐器。小号在交响乐队中的演奏环节被限制，只负责音乐高潮部分的旋律渲染，使交响乐向着多样化、乐器综合化方向发展，小号在交响乐演奏中的作用开始变得专项化。

3.小号在浪漫主义时期交响乐中的发展与作用

在浪漫主义时期的小号发展历程当中，小号开始经历程度最大的变化，制作工艺出现了很大变化，可以说是一项非常长足的进步。在这样的环境之中出现了一种新型的小号，也就是非常出名的活塞式小号。活塞小号的出现改变了传统小号扩音过高的问题，主要是活塞式小号增加了气阀与不同的键孔，作用物理式的气流长度的变化控制小号吹奏的音调与音律。但是新式小号的出现并没有完全挤掉传统小号的重要地位，传统小号与新式小号共同出现在浪漫主义时期交响乐的演奏之中，并且形成了传统小号与新式小号竞争的局面。由于新式小号的出现，许多交响乐师开始运用新式小号编奏乐曲，但是新式小号是新的号种，交响乐师还没有对这种新式小号有很深层次的理解。因此这个时期的交响乐出现了一种较为复杂的局面。

4.小号在现代交响乐中的作用

小号在几百年的发展历史中经历了很多变化和沧桑，这也使得小号这种乐器成为交响乐中最主要的乐器之一。二十世纪五十年代以后，世界各地音乐交流开始不断增多，小号在这样的交流中逐渐成为重点。小号在现代的发展脚步非常快，而且许多演奏家将小号运用方法和手段进行了多样化处理。让小号成为表现浪漫主义、渲染气氛、衬托高潮必不可少的一种乐器。小号也在不断提升交响乐发展高度，为交响乐发展提供更优质的音色。

小号在交响乐中的发展历史非常悠久，不同时期小号对交响乐的促进作用不同，但是小号的地位不可改变，依旧推动交响乐的发展。

参考文献：

[1]高飞.浅谈小号在交响乐团中的运用[J].剧影月报，2014.

[2]刘月东.浅谈小号在交响乐队中的作用与地位[J].赤子（上中旬），2014.

The important role of trumpet in a symphony orchestra
2016-08-15 14:34:48 exam weekly, 2016 63
Different
Abstract: with the improvement of people’s living standard, people’s pursuit of other aspects of life is increasing, including the pursuit of music quality in real life. Classical music became the focus of attention when music was gradually sought after. The trumpet plays a very important role in the whole western classical music. The trumpet is a musical instrument appeared very early in the history of small, very long, have a sound character of itself, so small are applied to various occasions and the symphony orchestra, the orchestra plays a very important role. In this paper, the emergence of trumpet, trumpet in different periods of development, as well as trumpet in the Symphony Orchestra of the role of a special study.
Key words: Trumpet effect Symphony Orchestra
In the history of Symphony Orchestra, there must be a musical instrument, that is trumpet. Both symphony and trumpet have their own characteristics, and trumpet plays an extremely important and important role in Symphony orchestra.
The trumpet is a musical instrument absolutely indispensable in a symphony orchestra, trumpet special timbre and sound be other types of instruments can not replace the trumpet sound, more particularly, there is a very elegant and timbre characteristics are very luxurious and not arrogant, trumpet tone can exhibit both elegant yet stable music image. The trumpet music is a tonic Symphony Orchestra, can show a very varied musical melody, melody, responsible for important change in the orchestra sound compatible. In many symphonic forms, the trumpet is often used to represent the heroic and energetic character of a musical character. In the classical symphony orchestra, the trumpet is used to show the ancient aristocratic heroic atmosphere, used to represent the ancient aristocratic army and the heroic war of spectacular. Since the symphony itself is very stable and has not experienced much obstruction, the music performance of the trumpet in the symphony orchestra will be preserved and continue to represent and play the original musical image.
The development of trumpet will have different forms in different periods of development, and different forms of expression will play different roles in the development of different symphonies. Here is an analysis of the important role of trumpet in symphonic orchestras of different historical periods.
1. Baroque trumpet in the development and role of the Symphony Orchestra
The trumpet casually in the beginning is not allowed, then only the Jews and the priest could play the trumpet, and in the middle ages, the trumpet is used to transmit signals in the war, but because of the small is not small or no system view, so be playing regular. As history progressed and the Renaissance began, social, cultural, and social attitudes changed dramatically, and trumpet types were increasing, but trumpets were still used to transmit information on the battlefield. Until the Baroque period, the social sphere was constantly broadened, the emergence of the music field directly affects the development of trumpet, trumpet until the Baroque period appeared in symphonic music.
Trumpet development in the Baroque period has a certain historical significance. The production process of the trumpet has made obvious progress, and the tone began to develop in a changeable and elegant way. Because of the development of the trumpet, it began to be introduced into the Imperial Palace and continued to develop in the palace orchestra. The Baroque trumpet played a dual role. It was used both in the Imperial Palace symphony and in the war information transmission.
However, the small production process more exquisite, tone to meticulous, intonation has greatly improved. Trumpet became the focus of social groups and royal nobility in music during the Baroque period. Therefore, it became the main musical instrument in the Baroque Orchestra, playing the most important melody. In the Imperial Palace, trumpet played an unprecedented role and became the main musical instrument of the Royal symphony. The trumpet playing to promote the rich development of the whole symphony orchestra temperament, make sound more and more detailed, more and more strict, has become the main driving force for the development of symphony in Baroque period.
2. the development and function of trumpet in classical period Symphony
The trumpet is more changeable in the development of the classical period, not the law of development and development characteristics of fixed, the classical period of development, the development of the classical period trumpet is completely different from the Baroque trumpet, trumpet is not only responsible for the palace and the palace for the symphony orchestra, Symphony melody compilation, and change the way of creation, change of reference object creation during the period, the development of small diverser. In classical times, musicians were influenced by the development of social consciousness, began to pursue individualism, and paid attention to the pursuit of each individual’s role. Therefore, the small decline began to appear a certain position in the course of development of the classical period in the symphony, Symphony society began to pursue every musical instrument unique sound, is no longer the main lead trumpet playing musical absolute symphony. Playing the trumpet links in a symphony orchestra is limited, only for music climax melody rendering, the symphony instruments towards diversity, integrated direction, the role of the trumpet in the symphony orchestra in becoming special.
The development and function of 3. trumpet in the symphony of Romanticism
During the development of the trumpet in the romantic period, the trumpet began to experience the gre

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