钟声-重力 Clocks in Motion_ Gravity – Marc Mellits
斯蒂文司演奏法
20世纪中后期,美国马林巴演奏家、教育家、作曲家斯蒂文司,在总结马赛尔演奏法优点的基础上,改进完善了这一演奏法,并成为至今世界上特别是欧美最为流行的演奏法—“斯蒂文司”演奏法。
斯蒂文司演奏法也是分开式持槌。每只手中的两根琴槌分别独立持于手掌中。内侧琴槌由拇指、中指和食指控制;外侧的琴槌由小指和无名指控制,槌杆末端不伸出手掌之外。小指和无名指提供给外侧琴槌持握力量,其中小指承担约为55%,无名指承担约35%,中指分担约为10%;内侧琴槌的持握力量主要靠拇指和中指提供。演奏时,手心朝内侧,手背向外侧旋转为90度,手腕上下垂直运动,这也是四槌演奏法中独一无二的直腕动作。手腕形态的改变,构成小臂一个垂直延伸部分,对两槌的伸张起到积极作用。斯蒂文司演奏法的革新不仅体现在手腕的姿势及动作上,还有一点至关重要的变革,就是两槌的伸张不是同时外扩,而主要由拇指和食指控制内侧琴槌旋转运动来进行,这一革新是对音程距离变化时,击奏音程(无论分解或和声)准确性非常有把握。
演奏二度音程时候,小指和无名指完全弯曲环绕包裹外侧槌杆,指尖触抵掌心;中指弯曲向下与无名指并拢,用第一部分的下侧夹住外侧的尾部,加强外槌稳定;中指第一部分上侧托住内侧槌杆尾部,指尖将内侧槌杆末端抵向拇指大鱼肌;食指弯曲呈勾状,第二关节处托住内侧槌杆;拇指自然平方,虎口并拢,向下用第二部分协助食指共同持握住内侧槌杆,整个手形类似拳状。
演奏五度音程时,小指和无名指完全弯曲,环绕包裹住外槌杆,小指第3部分及指尖将外槌杆末端抵向掌心;中指弯曲向下与无名指并拢,用第 1 部分下侧夹住外侧槌杆使其稳定;中指第2关节处上侧托住内侧槌杆尾部,第1部分及指尖将内侧槌杆末端抵向掌心;食指略微伸直,第3部分上侧置于内侧槌杆下方,支撑琴槌;拇指与虎口分开并伸直,用第2部分里侧协奏食指共同持握住内侧槌杆。整个手形不再呈拳状。
演奏八度( 八度以上) 音程时,小指和无名指仍然环绕包裹住外侧槌杆,指尖将槌杆末端抵于手掌小鱼肌;中指伸展略弯,用第 1 部分下侧压向外侧槌杆,完全脱离内侧槌杆;食指接近伸直,拇指伸直,共同捏住内侧槌杆。槌杆末端抵向掌心指根部位。整个手形类似鹰嘴状。这种姿势两槌伸张的距离约为 62 厘米。
Steven’s performance method
In late twentieth Century, American marimba performer, educator and composer Steven S, based on Marcel method to play the advantages of the improvement, the performance, and has become the world especially in Europe and the United States the most popular performance – “Steven company” performance.
Steven’s performance method is also a separate mallet. Two levels of each hand separately hold in the palm of your hand. The hammer by the thumb, index and middle finger control; lateral hammer controlled by the little finger and the ring finger, the hammer rod ends not out of hand outside. The little finger and the ring finger to the lateral grip hammer strength, the little bear is about 55%, the ring finger take about 35%, that share is about 10%; the hammer grip strength inside mainly rely on the thumb and middle finger to provide. When playing, the hand faces the inside, the back of the hand rotates to the outside 90 degrees, the wrist moves vertically and below the wrist. This is the unique straight wrist action of the four mallet playing method. The shape of the wrist is changed to form a vertical extension of the arm, which plays an active role in the extension of the two mallet. Steven, our innovation performance is not only reflected in the postures and movements of the wrist, and the crucial point is the change, two hammer done not at the same time extended, but mainly by the thumb and forefinger inside the rotary motion to control the hammer, this innovation is to change the interval distance, strike interval (whether decomposition very sure) accuracy or harmony.
Play two intervals of time, little finger and ring finger completely surrounding lateral bending hammer rod, fingertips against palm; middle finger and ring finger bending down together with the tail between the outer lower side of the first part, strengthening the hammer stability; in the first part the upper medial support refers to the hammer rod tail, the hammer rod ends inside the fingertips against the thumb fish muscle; forefinger bent hook, hold joint medial hammer rod second; the thumb square, together with second parts inside, down together to hold the inside mallet finger support rod, the hand shape like a fist shaped.
Playing an interval of five degrees, the pinky and ring fingers wrapped around the bend completely, outside the hammer rod, the little finger and finger outside the third part will hammer rod end against the palm; middle finger and ring finger bending down together with the first part of the hammer rod side clamped lateral stability; middle finger joints on the side of his tail second the hammer rod, the first part will hammer rod end and finger inside against the palm; index finger slightly straight, below the third part side in side of hammer rod support hammer; thumb and thumb separately and straight, with the second part side together to hold the inside mallet finger Concerto rod. The whole hand is no longer in the form of a fist.
Play eight degrees (eight degrees) interval, the pinky and ring fingers wrapped around the outside of the hammer rod still, fingertips to hammer rod end in the palm of your hand against the fish muscle; middle finger stretch slightly curved, with first parts under pressure to the outside of the hammer rod, completely out of the index finger close to the medial hammer rod; straight, thumb straight, common pinch inside hammer rod. The end of the mallet is at the root of the palm of the palm. The entire hand is similar to the olecranon. The distance of the two mallet is about 62 centimeters.
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